The Survivors Of The American Civil War - 1164 Words

Rawan Althomali PHOT 501 Prof. Sandra 11-11-2014 The Survivors The concept behind The survivors is to translate the images that I had in my mind about Atlanta’s history and it’s buildings and sites, not knowing much about them had opened my imagination and let me think of the buildings and led me into finding the story behind them, although most of them were not related in any way to civil war, for some reasons, they are still from the antebellum era, in my mind. I learned about the civil war and the battle of Atlanta when I first came to it, I was fascinated by how the city recovered after what happened, It started in Jul 22 1864; it was one of the bloodiest battles of the civil war. General Sherman led his troops in many battles against the confederate forces. Atlanta didn’t fall until In Sep 1864, Sherman gave order for the city of Atlanta to be evacuated and burned. During my researching about the civil war, I found a photograph of young soldier called private Edwin Francis Jemison; he’s one of the well-known soldiers; among millions of civil war soldiers. He was not special, He was only a young soldiers who posed to a camera and a photographer, that was the unusual at that time. In PHOT 501, I learned about the beginning of war photography and about famous war photographers, among all war photographers, there are Mathew Brady and Alexander Gardener. Two days after the war had started, Alexander Gardener who used to be wor king for Mathew Brady at the time,Show MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay About Japanese Internment Camps1659 Words   |  7 Pagespack up and be relocated from your home all because of your ethnic background? It doesn’t seem possible that it happened, but it did. And it is still happening to certain ethnic groups. 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Mining and its Affects on the Community Free Essays

Arrandale, Tom. â€Å"Public Land Policy†. CQ Researcher Online. We will write a custom essay sample on Mining and its Affects on the Community or any similar topic only for you Order Now 17 June 1994. Rio Salado College Online.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     http://www.riosalado.edu/services/student/support/library/research/alpha.shtml Tom Arrandale, a CQ Researcher contributor from Albuqueque, New Mexico, uses   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  congressional hearings and senate records to provide an unbiased documentation of the raging battle over the Clinton administration’s plans to up user fees and implement stricter control in the use of public lands which yield gold, timber, and livestock feed.   In a previous report, Mary Cooper cited the opposition of residents of Washington, Oregon and northern California against stricter control and are said to be unwilling to sacrifice â€Å"jobs for owls†. Cooper, Mary H. â€Å"Cleaning Up Hazardous Wastes†. CQ Researcher Online. 23 August 1996. Rio Salado College Online. http://www.riosalado.edu/services/student/support/library/research/alpha.shtml This article discusses the positive and negative aspects of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, which is more popularly known as the Superfund law which went into effect December 11, 1980, as well as the need to improve it.   She had previously identified some of the former U.S. Nuclear Weapons Plants which became Superfund sites in her earlier report entitled â€Å"Nuclear Arms Cleanup†, published in the June 24, 1994 issue of the CQ Researcher Associated essay: Text Mining and Business Ramifications Cooper, Mary H. â€Å"Water Quality†. CQ Researcher Online. 24 November 2000. Rio Salado College Online.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.riosalado.edu/services/student/support/library/research/alpha.shtml This article is about the success of the 1972 Clean Water Act in eliminating water pollutants coming from the most obvious point sources which are the industrial plants and sewage treatment plants.   However, Cooper contends that about forty percent of waters in the country are still polluted owing to runoffs from coal mines in the mountains, animal wastes and toxic chemicals from agricultural farms, and toxins from city street sewers.   In another article a couple of years later entitled â€Å"Bush and the Environment†, Cooper voiced the same apprehension when the Bush administration allowed companies mining for coal in the mountains of Kentucky and West Virginia to dump their rubbles into surrounding streams. Landers, Robert K. â€Å"Is America Allowing Its Past To Be Stolen?† CQ Researcher Online. 18 January 1991. Rio Salado College Online.   http://www.riosalado.edu/services/student/support/library/research/alpha.shtml Landers talks about how America’s past is being lost through the mining of American Indian artifacts and discusses the merits and shortcomings of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act signed by President Bush in November 1990. In a later article in the CQ Researcher, Mary Cooper writes about the American Indians’ fear â€Å"of racism by a society that can’t come to grips with its bloody past.† Prah, Pamela M. â€Å"Coal Mining Safety†. CQ Researcher Online. 17 March 2006. Rio Salado College Online. http://www.riosalado.edu/services/student/support/library/research/alpha.shtml Using extracts from a congressional forum on mine safety as well as statements of experts  and government authorities, Prah dwells on the subject of the protection of the nation’s coal miners in the aftermath of an incident in a Sago, West Virginia mine explosion which killed 12 miners.   This prompted the NIOSH, the Mine Safety and Health Administration, and the state of West Virginia, to co-sponsor an International Mining Health and Safety Symposium on April 20-22, 2006 in Wheeling, West Virginia.                            How to cite Mining and its Affects on the Community, Essay examples

Importance of Human Resource Manager †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Human Resource Managert. Answer: Introduction The Human resource manager of any organization plays a very important role in the success. The Australian human resources institute (AHRI) is a popular national association that provides education services and training in people management and business skills. AHRI have introduced model of excellence for explaining behavior and capability of the HR manager. The model includes 7 capabilities, excellent human resource managers must have. The three capabilities strategic architect, cultural and change leader and ethical and credible activist are selected from the model. Three questions are answered on the basis of these capabilities. What does the capability entail? Strategic architect: This capability helps the person to make strategies in the organization. The strategic architect analyzes organizations structure also understands goals, objectives, mission and vision of the organization (Bhatnagar, 2007). The person develops strategies to meet the needs of organization and customers. For strategy formulation the strategic architect also considers budget and time constraints. The strategic architect has to collaborate with customers and other team members. Strategies are formulated to make the conditions better. The strategy architect prepares a blue print of the strategy (Kang Snell, 2009). Cultural and change leader: This capability helps to implement change in the system. The cultural and change leader understands the culture of the organization and also recognizes the expectations of shareholders and customers (Chew Chan, 2008). Then the person introduces change in the system to meet the expectations. The cultural and change leader accepts the need for change and defines the area where change is required. The person also manages complexities during implementation of change. Ethical and credible activist: The ethical and credible activist capability makes the person trustworthy, reliable, responsible and ethical. The ethical and credible activist is the most critical skill. Activist capability helps person to accept challenges. The person who is activist but not credible and ethical may have creative ideas but will not be listened to (Augier Teece, 2009). Importance of capabilities for a human resource manager Strategic architect: The human resource manager should have this capability as the human resource manager can understand members of organization better than others. The human resource managers understand the expectations of customers and employees. They can formulate strategy in better manner that can be easily acceptable by members of the organization (Lengnick-Hall et al., 2009). The human resource managers mainly give emphasis on tactical, operational and administrative functions but if they will contribute in strategy formulation then effectiveness of the organization can be increased. Cultural and change leader: The HR manager should have this capability because only HR managers are responsible maintaining good culture in the organization. They maintain strong connectivity between employees and employers. They can better understand need of change in the organization. The HR managers have certain skills like communication skill, listening skill, presentation skill, negotiation skill and all these skills can provide support to implement change in the system (Chen Huang, 2009). The HR manager should work as a change leader as the manager can maintain effective and healthy environment by attaining this capability. This capability of HR manager can help to manage many activities in the organization. Strategies can be easily implemented in the organization when HR managers will play a role of change leader. The human resource manager can provide guidance to other members to accept the change (Liu et al., 2007). Ethical and credible activist: A human resource manager must have this capability. Effective HR managers possess certain qualities that is the reason the members of the organization trust them. The HR managers should perform and support ethical work. The HR mangers should protect the rights of members. They should take legal actions against illegal behavior of members. The HR managers should be honest and trustworthy. People only give respect to those members who take responsibility and take actions after analyzing every aspect (Garavan, 2007). The HR manager should have all these qualities which can provide maximum benefits to the organization. Demonstration of capabilities I am applying for graduate HR position and the employers are selecting candidates on the bases of required capabilities. The capabilities the employer is looking for in the employee are the strategic architect, ethical and credible activist and cultural and change leader. I think I am the right candidate and I have all the capabilities which are required for the position. Some evidences from the past experiences are presented below to support the answer. Strategic architect: In one company in which I was working in past, there I was hired as project manager and I had to deal multiple projects in a month. One day my senior manager gave me one project and the project I had to complete within 6 days and it was also very important for the company. That time my team members were very confused and they thought that project will not be completed in deadline. I formulated some strategies and assigned responsibilities to each member in my team for the project and our team completed the project on time. Cultural and change leader: In our company previously we were using excel sheet to manage records of projects but later our company adopted software to maintain project records. Initially my team members were facing problem in managing the details through the software so I provided proper training to my team members. I heard the problems of each employee and provided them effective solutions. All the team members understood the functioning of software after some time. Ethical and credible activist: When I was working as project leader in the organization one lady who was working in my team, complained me that one male member in my team misbehaved with her. The male person was one of the good friends of mine. I called him that time and heard the statements of both parties and finally I realized that the male person was in fault. So I told my senior managers to take strict actions against him. All the team members praised me for my decision. Conclusion In the given report some competencies are described. All these competencies are required in a human resource manager. The competencies prepare the HR manager to handle future challenges. In the report answers are given for each question. Three capabilities are explained in the report. First capability is strategic architect which is essential to deal with complexities. The HR manager must have this capability. Second capability is cultural and change leader. This capability helps HR manager to implement and manage change in the system. Third capability which is discussed in the report is ethical and credible activist which a HR manager must have. The HR manager should work ethically and should support ethical and moral principles. References Augier, M. and Teece, D.J., 2009. Dynamic capabilities and the role of managers in business strategy and economic performance, Organization Science, 20(2), pp.410-421. Bhatnagar, J., 2007. Predictors of organizational commitment in India: strategic HR roles, organizational learning capability and psychological empowerment, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(10), pp.1782-1811. Chen, C.J. and Huang, J.W., 2009. Strategic human resource practices and innovation performanceThe mediating role of knowledge management capacity, Journal Of Business Research, 62(1), pp.104-114. Chew, J. Chan, C.C., 2008. Human resource practices, organizational commitment and intention to stay, International Journal Of Manpower, 29(6), pp.503-522. Garavan, T.N., 2007. A strategic perspective on human resource development, Advances in Developing Human Resources, 9(1), pp.11-30. Kang, S.C. and Snell, S.A., 2009. Intellectual capital architectures and ambidextrous learning: a framework for human resource management, Journal of Management Studies, 46(1), pp.65-92. Lengnick-Hall, M.L., Lengnick-Hall, C.A., Andrade, L.S. Drake, B., 2009. Strategic human resource management: The evolution of the field, Human Resource Management Review, 19(2), pp.64-85. Liu, Y., Combs, J.G., Ketchen, D.J. and Ireland, R.D., 2007. The value of human resource management for organizational performance, Business Horizons, 50(6), pp.503-511.

Marriage Essay Example

Marriage Essay CORE SKILLS: Minimum of 9 credit hours of coursework or credit by exam 1. Introductory Composition (3 credits) a. English 101/111* Freshman Composition_____ 2. Advanced Writing 1 of the following (3 credits) b. English 308/309/310/312* Advanced Composition_____ c. English 300 Critical Writing about Literature_____ d. English 330 Business Writing_____ e. English 338 Technical Writing_____ f. English 339 Scientific Writing_____ 3. Math 1 of the following (3-4 credits) g. Math 104 Intro to Mathematical Problem Solving (3 cr)_____ h. Math 102 College Algebra (3 cr)_____ i. Math 120 Pre-Calculus (3 cr)_____ j. Math 209/219* Elements of Applied Probability amp; Statistics (3 cr)_____ k. Math 236 Calculus I (4cr)_____ MODES OF INQUIRY: Total 31 credits A. The Fine and Performing Arts: At least 1 of the following (3 credits) a. Art 100/111* or 110 100 Art Appreciation OR Art 110 Visual Imagery_____ b. Theatre 106 or 107 106 Intro to Theatre OR 107 Intro to Theatrical Vision_____ c. Music 110 or 117 110 Intro to Wrld Mus 0R 117 Mus of Africa, Asia amp; Americas_____ d. Dance 110 110 Dance Appreciation_____ B. The Humanities: At least two of the following (3 credits each totaling 6 credits) e. Literature English 150/250* or 221 150 Intro to Literature 221 Intro to Lit/Intermediate Composition_____ f. History 100/111* The Contemporary World in Historical Perspective_____ g. Philosophy 101/111* or 102 101 Intro to Phil 102 Contemporary Ethical Problems_____ h. Language French 250 or Spanish 250_____ C. The Natural Sciences: At least 2 of the following (3- 4 credits each) i. Biology 109 or 149 109 Human Biology and the Environment (4cr) 149 General Biology I (4cr)_____ j. We will write a custom essay sample on Marriage specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marriage specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marriage specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Chemistry 100/113* or 201 100 Chemistry and Society (4cr) 201 General Chemistry I(4cr)_____ k. Geography 103/113*Physical Geography (4cr)_____ l. Physics 215 or 215 General Physics (4cr) Physics 261 or261 Principles of Physics: Mechanics (4cr) Physical Science 100 and 101 or 100 Cosmic Concepts (3cr) AND 101 Measurement (1cr) Physical Science 203PHSC 203 Physical Science (4cr)_____ m. Interdisciplinary 160IDIS 160 Science, Technology and Society (3cr)_____ D. The Social Sciences: At least 2 of the following (3 credits each) n. Economics 200 or 201/211*200 Basic Economics 01/211* Principles of Economics (Macro)_____ o. Geography 104/114* or 110104/114* Human Geography 110 World Regional Geography: Cultural Diversity_____ p. Political Science 110/112* or 113/114* or 131 110/112* Introduction to American Politics 113/114* Introduction to World Politics 131 Introduction to Comparative Politics_____ q. Psychology 150/151*General Psychology_____ r. Sociology 100/111*Introduction to Sociolo gy_____ E. The FSU Colloquia: 2 classes (3 4 credits each) s. IDIS 150/151*or IDIS/SUST 155 IDIS 150/151First Year FSU Colloquium _____ IDIS/SUST 155 Intro to Sustainability Studies_____ AND IDIS 350/351* Advanced FSU Colloquium_____ OR one additional Modes of Inquiry course from Groups A-D above. _____ F. Identity and Difference: 1 of the following (3 credits)____ G. AAST 200 Intro to African-American Studies AAST 400 Africans amp; the Diaspora ART 301 Artistic Traditions: Asia ART 302 Artistic Traditions: Africa amp; the Americas GEOG 104/114* Human Geography GEOG 110 World Regional Geography: Cultural Diversity GEOG 427 Geography of Languages and Religions HIST 100/111* The Contemporary World in Historical Perspective HIST 418 Native Peoples of the Americas HIST 436 Women’s Issues in World History HLTH 125 Health and Culture INST 150 Introduction to World Religions INST 200 Introduction to International Studies MDFL 111 Intercultural Understanding MDFL 301 Latin American Women’s Issues MUSC 117 Music of Africa, Asia amp; the Americas MUSC 250 Women in Music PHIL 308 Political Philosophy PHIL 311 Asian and African Philosophy PHIL 409 Philosophy and Women POSC 131 Introduction to Comparative Politics PSYC 220 Psychology of Women PSYC 325 African American Psychology (Prerequisites: PSYC 150 amp; 3 addt’l cr in psych) RECR 100 Leisure amp; Diverse American Culture SOCI 224 Cultural Anthropology SOCI 305/SOWK 305Racial amp; Cultural Minorities WMST 201 Introduction to Women’s Studies TECHNOLOGY FLUENCY: ART 207 Graphic Design_____ BITS Basic Information Technology Skills_____ CHEM 304Computational Techniques in Chemistry_____ COSC 100 or 110* Introduction to Computer Science _____ COSC 101The Discipline of Computer Science_____ EDUC 346, 447, and 448 Educational Technology Lab I, II and III _____ GEOG 275 Fundamentals of Geographic Data Handling_____ MUSC 103 Theory II_____ NURS 404 Nursing Informatics (RN to BSN Completion students only)_____ Marriage Essay Example Marriage Essay Kaitlyn Decker Mrs. DeMarchi English 4, Period 7 November 4, 2010 Marriage Essay Marriage, like the United States Constitution, is a living, breathing object. The history of marriage for the American society was founded by different cultures such as Hebrew, Germanic, Roman and many more. Later it was shaped by the Christian church along with other factors displaying themselves in the country such as the Industrial Revolution and the Protestant Reformation. Marriage in the twenty-first century is also being changed with the society and world around it, not just socially but legally. Looking back into marriage during the nineteenth century many stereotypes from the twenty-first century can be seen, supported by facts. This would include that for the most of part it is commonly acknowledged that marriage was not a mere personal matter concerning only husband and wife, it seemed actually not to include the wife what so ever besides her physical body. Rather the business of the two families concerned, where they would bring together the husband and wife, with or with out the individuals consent, therefore the majority of marriages that took place in the nineteenth-century could be labeled as arranged marriages. As many of these arranged marriages were actually means of economic succession, there was little talk of need for room that would host for romantic love between the husband and wife. We will write a custom essay sample on Marriage specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marriage specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marriage specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Simple pleasantries or affectionate gestures were not mandatory as well between the couples, as the marital duties were all that were important in the eye of society at the time; these duties including procreation and open cooperation by both parties of the marriage. Moreover, the wife usually had much fewer rights than her husband and was expected to be subservient to him. It came as a surprise though to discover that in the nineteenth-century, divorce was often easily granted and an efficient divorce system was actually created during the mid nineteenth-century. Though during this time the wife had many fewer rights than her own husband, therefore expected to be subservient to him by all means, this acquiescent attitude continued into divorce as well. Men would most commonly have the advantage where they could simply dismiss their wives, but that does not discount the fact that women had the right to sue for a divorce. Though divorce was not high, as it was still looked down upon by society, reasons of its occurrence can be understood from the pressure that is instilled on single individuals to get married, to those they have no romantic inclination towards. This pressure seemed to be partially lifted under the influence of Christianity when the religion itself found virtue in celibacy. Many may think that marital experimentation was concocted by same sex marriage, but truly America was no stranger to marital changes and experiments back in the nineteenth century as well. The Oneida Community Founded is a perfect example; created by John Noyes (1948) where they cultivated the form â€Å"complex marriage†. This included a marriage that, theoretically every woman was married to every man. The community of Oneida in upstate New York also practiced scientific breeding. This was more of a scientific outlook on marriage in which potential parents were matched for physical and mental health by a committee. Another largely debated form of marriage back in the nineteenth century included polygamy. The members of the Mormon Church, who were the individuals who practiced polygamy in the United States of America, were relentlessly persecuted, harassed, and ridiculed for this. Finally, they were forced to abandon the practice in the states as it was outlawed. Monogamy was and still is the only accepted form of marriage in both Catholic and Protestant countries, and as the United States during the nineteenth century was controlled by the Catholic community, it is easy to understand why the Mormon faith of polygamy was disvalued. The emancipation of marriage and divorce laws from under the thumb of the church resulted in large developments of individual freedom regarding marriage and dating. Parents began to lose influence over the marital choices of their children while romantic love finally became an important factor in marriage. These views on marriage have carried themselves out into the twenty-first century. But while these ideologies have stood the test of time, as have some more biblical senses that were seen in the nineteenth-century. Marriage for the twenty-first century American Society has differentiated itself almost entirely it seems from the nineteenth-century definition of marriage. While during the nineteenth-century, respect seemed to be out the window in terms of marriage, twenty-first century American’s want love and respect from their partner before they even consider marriage. While in the nineteenth-century women would be married off to men they may have just met for financial stability, women of the twenty-first century now choose to wait till late twenties, early thirties to consider marriage. The independency of women has been a huge factor in the adaption of marriage in the United States, as women choose to have their own stable careers before considering marriage and procreation. The divorce rate has also sky rocketed sense the nineteenth century where it was a miniscule breeze in the air; it has now turned into a full out tropical storm in the twenty-first century. Though the institution of divorce was known and slightly used during the nineteenth-century, religious holdings kept individuals from getting divorced as it instilled a view of the devil in the practice. Now, with not only men having the right to openly request divorces, but women as well, the numbers have risen. Along with the nineteenth-century view of marriage being a social necessity, twenty-first century society decided to alter that view as well. Though ideally it is still a strong desire in the American public to grow and get married it is openly seen as an option to all individuals.

Steinbeck Essays (951 words) - Dust Bowl, John Steinbeck, Okie

Steinbeck Essays (951 words) - Dust Bowl, John Steinbeck, Okie Steinbeck John Steinbeck A Common Mans Man I never wrote two books alike, once said John Steinbeck (Shaw, 10). That may be true, but I think that he wrote many of his novels and short stories based on many of the same views. He often focused on social problems, like the haves verses the have nots, and made the reader want to encourage the underdog. Steinbecks back ground and concern for the common man made him one of the best writers for human rights. John Steinbeck was born in Salians, California and spent most of his life there or around Salians, because of that he often modeled his stories and the characters around the land he loved and the experiences he encountered. He lived in Salians until 1919, when he left for Stanford University, he only enrolled in the courses that pleased him - literature, creative writing and majoring in Marine Biology. He left in 1925, without a degree. Even though he didnt graduate his books showed the results of his five years spent there. His books display a considerable reading of the Greek and Roman historians, and the medieval and Renaissance fabalists and the biological sciences (Shaw 11). He then moved to New York and tried his hand as a construction worker and as a reporter for the American. (Covici , xxxv). Steinbeck then moved back to California and lived with his wife at Pacific Grove. In 1934, he wrote for the San Franciso News, he was assigned to write several articles about the 3,000 m igrants flooded in at Kings County. The plight of the migrant workers motivated him to help and document their struggle. The money he earned from the newspaper allowed him to travel to their home and see why their reason for leaving and traveled to California with them, sharing in with their hardships (Steinbeck, 127). Because John Steinbeck was able to travel with the Okies, he was able to accurately portray them and their struggles. Each book that he wrote had settings in the places where he has either lived or wanted to live. He presented the land as it was. The characters in his stories experienced floods, drought, and other natural disasters, while in the Salians Valley (Shaw, 5). What Steinbeck wrote was very factual and in depth. He exhibited his awareness of man and his surroundings, in his early books, before people ate, a pig had to be slaughtered, and often that and before they ate, it had to be cooked. Also when a car broke down, the characters had to find parts, and fix ed it themselves (Shaw, 13). Many people consider that John Steinbeck novels are records of social history. His books are the history of plain people and society as a whole, many of his books focused on the Great Depression, Social Prejudice, religion, and the automobile (Rundell, 4). He may be considered as a Sentimentalist, because of his concerns for the common man, human values, for warmth and love and understanding. The social relevance of his writings reveals him as a reformer (Covici, xxii). In his novel The Pastures of Heaven, Steinbeck brings up the issues of Japanese Americans fitting into social groups, and in East of Eden, he examines the problems of intelligent and educated Chinese-Americans in the California setting. John Steinbeck only once seriously considers the problems of Negroes in Society. Crooks, the stable boy in Of Mice and Men, was an outcast and never destine to fit into the generally white society of ranching. Not only did Steinbeck recognize the -problems of minorities and racial prejudice, he also mentioned class prejudice. The difference between the haves verses the have nots was brought up in the novel, The Grapes of Wrath, usually the people who had any financial stability hated the Okies, who had none. Owners hated the Okies because they were soft and the Okies were strong, also the store keepers hated them because the Okies had no money to spend in their stores (Bowden, 12). The Grapes of Wrath presents these issues in the form of an epic and sums up the despair of the early 1930s. The Joads experience: love, brotherhood, integrity, class fear, power, violence, and

Avoid Career Regret with These 6 Tips

Avoid Career Regret with These 6 Tips Getting a job is hard enough, but if you’re playing the long game for career fulfillment and success, it’s never a good idea to rest too long on your laurels. Rather than getting lazy and complacent, why not stay hungry and strategic, and keep your eyes on that ultimate prize, whatever yours may be. Here are 6 things you should always keep in mind if you want to look back and not have any career regrets. Click for more.Don’t always put money firstObviously, it’s important to make enough to support yourself and whomever else you need to care for. But constantly making moves in order to maximize what you make? That can lead you into all sorts of unsatisfying situations.Once you reach a certain threshold of financial comfort, ask yourself with each potential move: is this going to make me happier or just more rich? Focus on work that keeps you interested, challenged, and smiling on your way to work. Rather than the drudgery or soul-selling for the fancy pay-o ut. It’s also a great way to avoid burning out.Push your own boundariesEvery so often, push yourself out of your own comfort zone. Try taking an opportunity you might ordinarily say no to, or learning a skill you didn’t think you’d ever need. The broader your interests and skills, the more you’ll get out of your work life.Trust your gutIf you sense impending shake-ups or lay-offs or feel you’re on a sinking ship, be smart and start looking before disaster strikes. If a position doesn’t smell right for some reason? Take your time and look elsewhere. Learning to hone (and trust!) your instincts can be an invaluable skill that will help steer you straight for your entire career.Keep ‘em sweetIf ever you have to leave a hell job, or quit on a demon boss, resist the temptation to burn bridges. Take the moral high road, keep it classy, walk out with your head held high having done everything you could to stay respectful. You never know when you might run into former colleagues or supervisors again down the line. Gain a reputation for professionalism, not pique.Stay sharpKeep a constant eye on the trends in your field. That means watching out for new systems and software, participating in additional training, keeping on top of new qualifications you can acquire. Staying devoted to learning will nurture you in multiple ways, but will also keep you fiercely marketable.Shoot for the moonYou know, in nice and steady, measured, incremental shots. Do have a big dream and do pursue it. Just try to do so as smartly and well-preparedly as you can. Put your big dream on a hidden post-it somewhere and keep that in mind as you go through every humdrum workday. Eye on the prize.

Are human beings fundamentally witnesses to or creators of reality Essay

Are human beings fundamentally witnesses to or creators of reality (Gay Science 301) - Essay Example ality, and his declaration that ‘God was Dead’ (Theory of Perspectivism, developed by Immanuel Kant), resulted in a lot of controversies and speculations over his works. Amongst many of his well known works, the book â€Å"The Gay Science† first published in 1882 was considered by the author to be the closest to his heart or the most personal. This article will examine closely the Book IV, aphorism #301, of â€Å"The Gay Science† and find out the underlying meaning, and study Nietzsche’s views on the topic â€Å"Are Human Beings Fundamentally Witnesses to or Creators of Reality?† The Gay Science was written during a very dark phase in the author’s life. Between 1876, when Untimely Meditations was published and 1882 when The Gay Science was published, Nietzsche had undergone terrible sickness and complete isolation, which gave him time for self introspection, and an overall development of his mental faculties, and a quest for the right path. Therefore it was almost inevitable that the book The Gay Science would reflect these dark times and thoughts, exploring the profundity of human psychological thoughts. However, by the time it was published his mood had invariably changed for the better, so the book also gives the readers a feeling of being alive and vigorous yet light, and to some extent of joyous happiness. At the end of Book I Nietzsche himself comments "Pardon me, my friends, I have ventured to paint my  happiness  on the wall† (Nietzsche, 2001, 65). Book IV, aphorism #301: The Book IV as a whole advocates on how to live well, and is a positive and heroic acceptance of life. It pays allegiance to the legend of Saint Januarius, and assumes the tone of a teacher giving advice. Aphorism 301 is extremely important as it speaks of further augmentation of the ‘higher being’, a state of existence developed by Nietzsche in the earlier parts, where he describes this ‘higher being’ as someone who is courageous and takes pleasure in a hard fight,

Anti-Drinking Campaign in the University of Minnesota Essay

Anti-Drinking Campaign in the University of Minnesota - Essay Example This section also details why a total ban on alcohol can not work citing developments that occurred during the American Prohibition era as a sample case study. Further, it explains the reasons why Community College Events should be factored in when controlling alcohol use. The next section mirrors on ways or methods which should be adopted to arrest the problem. The last section is conclusion and recommendations. 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Aim of the Research Proposal This research proposal aims to achieve a number of objectives. The overall objective is to demonstrate the importance of reducing and managing alcoholism at the University of Minnesota and how the budget of doing that can be reduced. The specific objectives include 1. Assessment of alcoholism in the United States colleges and the biases therein 2. Demystifying complete elimination of alcohol sale by focusing on the lows of prohibition period that took place in the United States for 14 years. In doing so the proposal argues in favour of alcohol provision but with legal/policy interventions to restrict its usage 3. The adoption of a number of measures to limit alcohol use in schools and community events 2.2 Background of Study/ Context Analysis 2.2.1 Importance of Restricting Alcohol Drinking in College Community Events Casady, Flora and Foote (2007) observe that community events are sometimes characterized by students and underage youths easily getting drunk because of availability of alcohol. About 50% of alcohol intake at community festivals is done by students or youth. These authors propose alcohol ban or restrictions in colleges or community events by curtailing sales through policies such as ID checking or reducing the number of servings that are extended to individuals. This is their view ultimately minimizes access to alcohol by students. They further cite studies which show that in an average event 50% those that are already intoxicated have 80% chance of buying more. Further, this kind of behav iour sometimes brings about disruption, vandalism and other anti-social behaviours. In 2004 professional basketball, a number of these behaviours were witnessed with many drunken students throwing beer bottles and cups at players on the court. Thus measures such as stopping alcohol sales at some point are important in mitigating such occurrences (Casaddy et. al, 2007). 2.2.2 Why Complete ban of Alcohol is a mirage and fruitless: Case Study of Era of Prohibition in America The reasons why the complete ban of alcoholic drinks in America is fruitless can be found in the analysis of the prohibition era. Peck (2009) observes that by the end of the World War 1 a number of changes had taken place in America, one of which was the nonexistence of alcoholic drinks. The American Government had put in place a policy that prompted the elimination saloon intoxicating liquor. Broadly speaking the era of prohibition refers to the epoch in the history of the United States when the production, sale a nd the transportation of liquor were unlawful for a period of 14 years (1920-1933) (Peck, 2009). One question that immediately comes to mind and which this proposal is interested in is, â€Å"Why was this measure put in place?†Ã‚  Ã‚  

The concept and idea of privacy Essay Example for Free

The concept and idea of privacy Essay The concept and idea of privacy is one which continues to exist in fewer and smaller instances in this generation. The advent of new technologies, of mobile communication, instant messaging and the virtual omnipresence afforded by these said devices has made it easier for individuals to connect and communicate with their friends, families, colleagues, society and the rest of the world through the most effortless of gestures or the simple press of a button. This convenience by way of interaction has brought most to indulge and engage in communication with other people regardless of where they are, and whether or not they are in hearing range of other people not directly concerned with the matter being discussed; thus blurring the lines of private boundaries, or pronouncing it non-existent altogether. Technology is growing in its ability to bridge the gaps which separate individuals from each other, but it is also proving that a significant amount of people do not want these gaps bridged.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It has ceased to exact surprise and amazement from people when certain individuals indulge in obnoxiously loud conversations, private or otherwise, in a crowded or public place and within earshot of everybody else in the near vicinity. Gone are the days of the now seemingly foreign and obsolescent idea of commuting long distance conversations through and from a telephone box; mobile communication has rendered it impractical. Cellphones have become an almost indispensable part of every individual living in the 21st century, in a generation of displaced people, of individuals always out on the move trying to be all that they can be, mobile communication is a lifeline. Cellphones exist to ensure that certain parts of humanity will thrive by way of social interaction, or it could just be an efficient avenue for conducting business transactions, and similar practical dealings devoid of personal sentiments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Whether or not mobile interactions constitute personal or business agenda however, its nagging and growing occurrence in public places nevertheless crosses boundaries of privacy, and oversteps on the right of other people to avail of it. The director of the Center for Mobile Communication Studies at Rutgers University, James Katz, poses the reality of this by saying, â€Å"if anything characterizes the 21st century, its our inability to restrain ourselves for the benefit of other people,† he proceeds to emphasize this concept by saying â€Å"the cellphone talker thinks his rights go above that of people around him, and the jammer thinks his are the more important rights.† The jammer Katz was referring to exists in the person of a cellphone vigilante who invented a device to cut off cellphone communication from cell towers, jamming radio frequencies, and thereby silencing the phone blabber in question.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But carrying out loud and obnoxious conversations to the point of failing to address the personal boundaries of other individuals isnt the only threat to peoples privacy that cellphones are wielding, another form of it exists under the seemingly harmless and non-threatening platform that is Twitter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Twitter is a program which affords the people using it the virtual intimacy and networking connection of a blog, made efficient and automatic through mobile phones. Twitter has gained significant popularity among its many users, enabling them to post packets of current life events, sentiments and similar ego-indulging stream of consciousness centering on the mundane, trivial, and/or pressing issues running through the course and extent of their existence and the everyday grind (Cohen).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An article in The New York Times negates the seeming harmlessness of the virtual communication platform by covering the story of a computer consultant from Florida who announced suicide late one night by way of driving his car on a bridge on Twitter using his cellphone, inciting alarm and panic on much of his five hundred plus network of friends. It turns out the computer consultant, Nick Starr didnt pull through with the suicide and was found the following day camped out in his car near the bridge. Needless to say, the twitter he left â€Å"Alright this is it. Parked my car. I wish everyone who ever was nice to me well. See you in the next life.† however brief, affected the five hundred some network of friends whose lives and personal space were disrupted, and perhaps re-arranged because of a reality which only existed in the virtual world. When checked by police, Starr attributed his twitters to loneliness, and not being geographically close to his friends. He underwent therapy and has now moved to San Fransisco to be with most of his friends in real life. Much like the blurring boundaries of what is intended for private and public consumption, the lines of intimacy between the real is being substituted for the virtual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These aforementioned instances solidifies and affirms the reality which plagues our generation. Content, messages and meanings intended for private consumption are dragged into the open, undiscriminating public sphere, and people are not finding this prevalent privatization of public space disturbing, but instead, accepting it as another reality which needs to be dealt with at one point or another. Few people, the likes of the previously discussed cellphone vigilante whose efforts in undermining the intrusion of privacy, and the need to keep private matters from seeping into the public sphere, are able to commit to opposing it by resorting to extreme measures. Of course, aside from cellphone frequency jamming being illegal, such cant be regarded as ethically and absolutely correct.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is unfortunate is that despite what has been said, the individuals who put their private lives up for public consumption, and the people who are on the receiving end of having their private spaces overstepped and intruded upon by the former, are both victims of the seeming evils of new technologies, and its utilization. What needs to be addressed is not only how people make use of such technologies, taking care not to let the overwhelming digital and technological avenues and platforms of social interaction and communication overrun their private lives, or intrude upon that of others, but more importantly, to engage in healthy conversations in the real world. In traditional and good old fashioned human to human conversation whenever the opportunity presents itself without the need for handhelds or digital and electronic devices. Such will result to less misunderstandings, healthier relationships, public and private spaces being left as they are; and humanity, ultimately affirmed and preserved. Works Cited   Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Cell Yell: Thanks for (Not) Sharing.† 22 November 2001. Taub, Eric A. The New York   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Times. 20 December 2007.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Devices Enforce Silence of Cellphones, Illegally.† 4 November 2007. Richtel, Matt. The   Ã‚  Ã‚   New York Times. 20 December 2007.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"The Global Sympathetic Audience.† 4 November 2007. Cohen, Noam. The New York   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Times. 20 December 2007.

Essay --

December 9, 2013 Breanna Whittemore English 101 Section 0006 Critical Reflection I went into English 101 knowing that there would be a lot of writing. I was never very fond of writing and I was never that good at it. I wasn’t very excited for this class. When I found out how the class was going to be graded I was shocked, I didn’t think I would be able to pass. I didn’t understand what any of the terms on the final portfolio assessment rubric (PAR) were. As we went through the semester however the idea of turning in a portfolio became less daunting. My writing improved and I knew that if I kept revising I would be able to pass. When I started the semester I went in with a very different way of writing essays than the way that we were learning in this class. I had learned to write short essays that answered prompts, the essay writing that I learned in English 101 was, putting two essays in conversation with each other. In my essay Identity and Discourse, I compare one author’s writing with another author’s writing and how they relate.â€Å"Your home Discourse also gives us a good foundation of what our identity is† (Whittemore, 3) In that line I was able to show that I found a connection between identity and discourse. That is what the purpose of the essay is, to put James Paul Gee’s theory of discourse in a conversation with Robert Brooke’s theory of identity. When it came to the purpose of my essay, I was never very good at expressing what it was. This course has really taught me how to express purpose. It also taught me how to find purpose in others writing. â€Å"What I am going to be talking about in this essay is the purpose of Jean Anyon’s essay, Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work.† (Whittemore, 2) That is the purpose o... ...g of the kind of writing that you do for specific occasions is acceptable as well, and sometimes needed in order for you to get your message across. I came into English 101, a little afraid of what it was going to be like and if my writing abilities were strong enough for me to take it. Once I started the semester though things got a lot easier and I was able to really enjoy writing. The terms on the PAR do not look as discouraging. I am able to put works of literature into a conversation now and find how they connect. I also know what lines of inquiry are and I am able to find them in others essays and put them into mine. I can also find passages from texts to support my statement. Overall, I believe that English 101 has made me a better writer and I think that I have improved tremendously in my writing skills since the first day of class.

The Deontological and Utilitarian Sense of Business

Are minority set aside programs morally acceptable? The answer to this should be obvious but somehow it does not seem to be. A minority program of any kind is that also belonging within the scope of an affirmative action. There is to be no discrimination based upon certain Federal protected classes such as sex, age, religion to name a few and so in this, minority set aside programs by all rights should be morally accepted.The biggest problem with set aside programs is that they were originally based upon a social policy, by a policy maker who is no longer alive and no one to take up where the policy maker left off thus allowing the set aside program to struggle and possible eventually falling apart. There are a small handfull of set aside programs that are accepted such as the ones that the Small Business Administration has for minorities to include women, entrprenuers. These programs make sure that the minorities also get a fair share of the governments money under certain condition s.These set aside programs have helped many a woman or minority owned business get started and off the ground to become competitive within the real worl markets. For those who do not believe in having these set aside programs must suredly still be in the old school, political thought process that women or minorities, no matter what their reason for being a minority is, shouldn’t either be allowed to be given money for one reason or another or should be allowed to make it on their own like the â€Å"big boys† would. Often times, even the big boys obtain loans and grants as well as help from family members.Is there an inherent fear in a woman or minority starting or running a business and obtaining monies to do so? Many people have a utilitarian outlook upon certain ethics or morals and it is the affirmative action in regards to employment that seems to be the most hard hit, despite this being a protected class. It would be safe to say that if this utilitarian view happe ns with employment then it should be no surprise that when this same thought process happens with set aside programs. In our deontological world there are ethics and morals of these set aside programs as well as with individuals.The affirmative action groups and laws deal directly with this. If a woman or minority group feels that they have been discriminated against in the sense of obtaining business funds then it is these groups that will generally go into action to enforce an already written legislation or policy or federal law; to make sure that the faction causing the issue realizes and acts accordingly to accept that minority set aside programs morally acceptable. The one thing about the actual formation of set aside programs is that they assume the problems of these minorities instead of the individual or other protercted class being held in the limelight.They deal with both the deontological aspects of values, ethics and morals as well as the utilitarian process of abiding b y the rules and laws of these programs. Our nation, dating clear back to the days before slavery and colonization has been discriminatory against those with different colored skin, those who were women or those of different races or handicaps and slowly, over the evolvement of time we have overcome this thought process which makes it more morally acceptable to have the set aside programs but the bottom line is that this discrimination still exists.My utilitarian opinion is that set aside programs are for the greater good. Until we can look past the race, gender, and religion of our people and base our opinions upon their merit, we will alwas have the continuing need for programs that addresses these concerns. Today is a changing world and the term equal opportunity should not be held loosely but be held within the strictest sense so that all have equal opportunity in which to work, form and maintain their businesses, no matter what their protected class is. While some people may not morally accept the protected class status they need to not only by law but by fairness.We live in a liberal world now where so many things that were once conservatively looked down upon has now been accepted within society to Supreme Court Rulings that this should be no different. Know that each state within the United States has their own statutes regarding set aside programs. These statutes also follow the Federal laws of engagement. Each state has their own progrmas and each differ in some small way. Check with each state capital to determine what programs are available and the process through which to obtain the particular set of funds you are seeking and what is required. References Edward I. Koch, , Equal Opportunity – Without Minority Set-Asides, February 1989, http://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/20/opinion/equal-opportunity-without-minority-set-asides.html Jill Mccullough, With set-aside programs changing, minority firms might want to be going corporate, March 2002, http://www.bizjournals.com/columbus/stories/2002/03/04/smallb1.html

Factors Affecting Development

Skinner views are that children learn language through imitation, and they copy from how their parents talk. He thought that children learn mostly through positive and negative reinforcement. When an adult feels as if the child is learning how to say a word from their babble such as ‘baby’ they will repeat it continuously so that in the end result the child will learn how to say the word. (6-12 months) Bowlby thought that a mother and a new born would need to bond with close contact for a good long term development.His views were that babies wanted to be close with the main parent/carer at all times to feel safe and when it was achieved, the babies constant need for attention would stop. When the baby is put in a new environment or separated from their main carer they will feel unsafe and start their crying for attention so they can be close with their carer again. This theory is called ‘attachment’. (0-3 months) Darwin believed that children were born with basic emotions; babies learn appropriate emotional responses from watching other people around them and observing how they react to things.They check their parent’s facial expressions or body language before responding positively or negatively to a situation (Squire 2007:105). (0-3 months) Schaffer views were that there were three stages of development in infancy, in stage 1 it showed that the baby was more drawn to people than inanimate objects and would smile more around a human than if left with inanimate objects like toys. In stage 2, the baby will be around 3 months and will be able to recognize the difference between their parent/carer and other strangers, babies may not mind being held at this stage because they’re too young to see the strangers as a threat.In stage 3, around 6 months a baby will form a stronger bond with their main caregiver and will try to seek attention. The child may become distressed when their carer is out of sight and will also cry around strangers because they may be scared. (0-3 months) Piaget believed that children learnt through first-hand experience and discovering things and exploring rather than just being told or shown. He thought that that the parents/carers should make sure that they are providing resources to help the child develop further.Letting children play freely will benefit the child as long as there are boundaries put in place to make sure it is safe for the child to explore e. g. if the child was playing outside in the garden, they will need to be supervised because they may hurt themselves or eat something they shouldn’t. The gates should also be checked to make sure that the child can’t get out. (1-2 years) Vygotsky believed that the level of development for a particular child was known as ‘the zone of actual development' but he thought that a child was capable of more if encouraged and assisted by their parents.The difference between the two levels was the ‘zone of pr oximal development ‘Adult intervention is necessary if the child is to move on from one level to the next. For example if a child is learning how to stand up without holding onto anything the next step would be for their parents to assist them in taking a few steps with them or providing a walker for the child to learn independently. (2-3 years) Factors affecting developmentSmoking while pregnant will cause the baby to have low birth weight and there will be a higher change of you’re the baby being stillborn. There will also be a higher chance of cot death. Smoking may cause miscarriage or premature birth. Smoking around new-born can affect new-borns even though they are outside the womb because they are inhaling second hand smoke, it can cause severe respiratory diseases and it can delay growth of their lungs.  (0-3 months)Children in the age range of 7-12 mostly socialize with their own gender because they go through the stage when they may dislike the opposite gend er and think there gender is the best. The NIH Study shows that girl’s brains develop before than a boys brain does and that girls reach maturity before boys. (7-12 years) Children living in better conditions are more likely to have a healthy lifestyle which affects their physical development, they will be more likely to be able to go on a lot of holidays, pursue hobbies like music and dance and art.They will be more likely to have the clothes that everybody wants and the school may be in an area where there are better schooling opportunities which will increase the chance of emotional stability. Children living in poverty are unlikely to have poor housing, diet and education. There may be higher crime rates in the area which would influence the children’s social and emotional behaviour. They may also have fewer chances to join clubs or join into hobbies they like or to go on holidays. (3-7 years)

Free Essays on Raymond Carver VS. Denis Johnson

The world seems to be divided by two realms of reality and experience. There is reality and fantasy, dreaming in our sleep, experiences that we can’t comprehend and handle, everyday we switch back and forth through these worlds. Raymond Carver and Denis Johnson dig into these experiences. Carver writes about humans with a set mind capacity and what happens when they are encountered with an experience that is larger than that capacity. Johnson writes about the transition of reality and something that is greater than are conception of reality, a super reality if you will. They both look at these contrasts of experiences and also look at relationships with women and how they change people in the stories. With Carver the characters are average people that the reader can identify with easily. Some of the characters can be stupid, ignorant, or troubled with their lives. But the reader can always identify with them some how. In the story â€Å"Nobody Said Anything† the main character, a boy who is skipping school, is encountered with many situations that he can’t seem to grasp or handle. In the beginning of the story his parents are arguing and it really troubles him. This excerpt from the story backs this up: I could hear them out in the kitchen. I couldn’t hear what they were saying, but they were arguing. Then it got quiet and she started to cry. I elbowed George. I thought he would wake up and say something to them so they would feel guilty and stop. But George is such an *censored*. He started kicking and hollering. â€Å"Stop gouging me, you bastard,† he said, â€Å"I’m going to tell!† â€Å"You dumb chicken*censored*,† I said, â€Å"Can’t you wise up for one? They’re fighting and Mom’s crying. Listen† He listened with his head off the pillow. â€Å"I don’t care,† he said and turned over toward the wall and went back to sleep. George is a royal *censored*. Now the boy hears his parents arguing and he... Free Essays on Raymond Carver VS. Denis Johnson Free Essays on Raymond Carver VS. Denis Johnson The world seems to be divided by two realms of reality and experience. There is reality and fantasy, dreaming in our sleep, experiences that we can’t comprehend and handle, everyday we switch back and forth through these worlds. Raymond Carver and Denis Johnson dig into these experiences. Carver writes about humans with a set mind capacity and what happens when they are encountered with an experience that is larger than that capacity. Johnson writes about the transition of reality and something that is greater than are conception of reality, a super reality if you will. They both look at these contrasts of experiences and also look at relationships with women and how they change people in the stories. With Carver the characters are average people that the reader can identify with easily. Some of the characters can be stupid, ignorant, or troubled with their lives. But the reader can always identify with them some how. In the story â€Å"Nobody Said Anything† the main character, a boy who is skipping school, is encountered with many situations that he can’t seem to grasp or handle. In the beginning of the story his parents are arguing and it really troubles him. This excerpt from the story backs this up: I could hear them out in the kitchen. I couldn’t hear what they were saying, but they were arguing. Then it got quiet and she started to cry. I elbowed George. I thought he would wake up and say something to them so they would feel guilty and stop. But George is such an *censored*. He started kicking and hollering. â€Å"Stop gouging me, you bastard,† he said, â€Å"I’m going to tell!† â€Å"You dumb chicken*censored*,† I said, â€Å"Can’t you wise up for one? They’re fighting and Mom’s crying. Listen† He listened with his head off the pillow. â€Å"I don’t care,† he said and turned over toward the wall and went back to sleep. George is a royal *censored*. Now the boy hears his parents arguing and he...

Advantages and limitations of research methodology

Advantages and limitations of research methodology This chapter explains about the research methodology used in this project. It tells about the advantages and limitations of the method selected. The method used in this business project is Case Study research methodology. Case study attempts to describe relationships that exist in reality, mostly in a single organisation. Case study depends on the approach of the person conducting research, the data collected and the analytical technique used. Reality can be found in detailed manner by researcher, than it is possible through experiment or surveys, with the analysis of more variables. This research methodology is a useful technique as new ideas and theories can be built and tested. Case study analysis provides an opportunity to study the details in its natural settings. By using case study analysis, researcher can ask ‘how’ and ‘why’ questions in order to understand the complexity of each and every process taking place. Case study analysis provides multiple methods to collect data and gather information from any people, group or organisations. In this case study research methodology, the type of data used for research purpose is secondary data. Secondary data is some form of existing information that is already collected for some purpose. Secondary data can be collected by means of library research. The advantage of using secondary data is that the data has been already collected and the researcher can directly make use of the already collected data. Another advantage of using secondary data is the depth of details available. Also the data collection process in secondary data is performed by experts and professionals so the details present in it will be accurate and exact. This project examines the Customer Relationship Management and how it influences the organisation’s sustainability and stability. In the case study analysis, the importance of Customer Relationship Management is clearly understood. Also the case study of eBay is analysed and investigated. LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter examines the most relevant and current literature on E-Business and E-commerce and the process of Customer Relationship Management. It also examines the importance of Customer Relationship Management to improve firm’s performance. This business project has been drawn from a range of theoretical works. This chapter will also identify the relevant areas in relation to the objectives of this project using the following literatures: E-BUSINESS AND E-COMMERCE: According to (Adnam, R.Z. 2003), in the emerging global economy, e-commerce and e-business have increasingly become a necessary component of business strategy and a strong catalyst for economic development. E-Business is all about the use of internet by any organisation to sell or exchange their products and services to make profits. E-Business is defined as the organised effort of individuals to produce and sell, for a profit, products and services that satisfy so ciety’s needs through the facilities available on the internet (Canzer, B. et. al., 2003). E-Commerce is the use of electronic communication channels and processing data in the digital format for any sort of business activities that create value. E-Commerce is the use of the internet and the web to transact business; more formally, digitally enabled commercial transactions between and among organisations and individuals (Laudon and Traver, 2007). E-Commerce is the use of electronic communication and digital information processing technology in business transactions to create, transform and redefine relationships for value creation (Adnam, R.Z. 2003). The use of E-Commerce has changed the way the business is taking place and has changed the way the organisation handles its customers and competitors. . Electronic commerce has the potential to radically alter some economic activities and surrounding social environment (Wyckoff and Colecchia, 1999). E-Commerce is rapidly reshapin g the way companies compete with their competitors in an attempt to acquire a greater market share (Chou, 2001).

Thunderbird College on global mindset Assignment

Thunderbird College on global mindset - Assignment Example Naylor (1986), Thunderbird has a unique advantage over other institutions since it focuses on producing global business leaders who can successfully manage business organizations within the global market. In addition, Lovett (1971) states that the corporate solutions and professional development opportunities that the college offers aim at facilitating the organizations and individuals with basic skill sets to thrive in the global business market. In reference to the writings by Deresky (2010), Thunderbird’s first position in the international business education sector is because of its focus on a niche that not many learning institutions have exploited, thus, enabling Thunderbird to gain a competitive advantage within the industry. Through the global mindset, Thunderbird graduates learn about business management from the global perspective and this involves learning on how to work and manage a multicultural or multinational organizations. Secondly, graduates as well as organizations learn about international accounting standards and business ethics that applicable in the international business arena. According to Hill (2010), the graduates of Thunderbird have competitive advantage in the labour market since they have skills and competency to work anywhere in the world and in all multicultural

Week 5 Discussion Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 5 Discussion - Coursework Example Roger Wilson approved the bill from Mr. Griesedeck despite being aware that the funds had been used for political donation. In 2009, Douglas Morgan made request for a $3,000 donation that would be recovered in the same manner as the first one (Lippmann, 2012). Fortunately, the company legal team noticed the bill was strange during a routine review of all legal matters. As a result, Wilson was forced to give Mr. Griesedeck the money back using his personal savings. The type of fraud was done using the expenditure cycle. Legal fees for the company are part of the expenditures that are regularly paid. The use of the expenditure cycle was meant to help hide the fraud due to the routine nature of meeting legal bills. Expenditure cycle is full of loopholes that many people use to misappropriate funds. Lippmann, R. (2012, April 12). Former Mo. Gov. Wilson pleads guilty to misappropriating insurance co. funds. Retrieved from St. LouisPublicRadio:

Enrichment Units Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Enrichment Units - Assignment Example student benefit from all the units, it is fundamental to begin by teaching CCSS: MATH.CONTENT.4.OA.B.4, CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.OA.C.5, CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.8.EE.A.1, and CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.8.EE.A.2 in that order. CCSS: MATH.CONTENT.4.OA.B.4 is an important enrichment unit to every student. It mainly deals with operations and algebraic thinking and focuses on gain familiarity and multiples. I chose this because it deepens my understanding of factors and multiples of whole numbers. For instance in solving mathematical puzzles. The combination of math learning with movement gives me multiple ways to engage my brain for instance Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences and to cement the learning. CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.OA.C.5 5 enables me to generate and analyze patterns. This involves generating a number or shape pattern that follows a given rule. For instance it helped me solve number sequence and series mathematical problems. I also chose CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.8.EE.A.1 because it helped me to learn how to apply the concepts of integer exponents to give equivalent numerical expressions. This will simplify my work when working out complicated mathematical problems. This rules will also help me know how to handle exponents for instance when multiplying variables with same base, the two exponents are added. CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.8.EE.A.2 is appropriate when it comes to learning root and cube roots. It also shows students that perfect squares and perfect cubes are integers that result from the squaring or cubing of another integer. It is important for students also to understand that they can find the square root of any positive number and zero. Its also crucial that students know the variation between rational and irrational numbers In conclusion, all the Common Core Standards are important in enrichment units. As seen above, students are advised to learn these units to enable them have a better understanding of the other units ahead. However, this website

Distribution And Abundance Of Marine Invertebrates Biology Essay

Distribution And Abundance Of Marine Invertebrates Biology Essay Many marine invertebrates of diverse and varied phyla, have a common reproductive strategy that involves a multi-phase life cycle that occupies two dramatically different environmental habitats. The separate mobile pelagic larval phase and the predominantly sedentary or sessile bottom dwelling phase is linked by a settlement event. Larval forms are usually very different from adult forms. Reproduction involves the eggs and sperm and/ or larvae being released in generally very large numbers into the water column. Here, most of the pelagic larvae are potentially capable of dispersing long distances from parental populations. They develop and grow for a certain period of time before metamorphosing into adults. During their time in the water column, the larvae feed on phytoplankton and small zooplankton, including other larvae. Their small size and abundance also make them susceptible to predation by other larger marine creatures. Their huge numbers probably increase their chances of sur vival. Overall the probability of successful recruitment is low. It used to be thought that this strategy represented an open system where chance settling out of larvae led to distribution and abundance of benthic phase adults governed mainly by post-recruitment effects (Thorson,1950, Caley,1960) Several recent studies on the dispersing larval phase of marine invertebrate life cycles suggest that patterns of larval supply are not the only factor influencing invertebrate population dynamics. It is now thought that the larvae themselves can influence their probability of success. Larval behaviours are responses to two challenges predator evasion and selection of a suitable settlement site. Supply side ecology ( Lewin. 1986) emphasizes the role of recruitment in limiting adult populations and structuring benthic communities. At the end of the dispersal phase, the abundance of larvae at settlement can be highly variable, both spatially and temporally. Variation in settlement can be caus ed by larval mortality and predation rates, transport mechanisms and larval behaviours. Moreover, coupling of larval supply with adult abundance seems also to effect distribution (Hughes et al 2000) The extent to which local larval recruitment depends on production by local adults is not clear and the extent of relative openness of marine benthic invertebrate populations is uncertain.(Strathmann et al, 2002, Swearer et al 2002) However, there seems to be significant planktonic processes in the pre-settlement stage that that influence population dynamics of settlement, recruitment and subsequent adult populations. Habitat selection by planktonic larvae can overcome patterns predicted by patterns of larval supply (Jenkins, 2005). Factors influencing distribution and abundance of species Biotic and abiotic interactions and dynamics within each phase of the life cycle have the potential to influence the distribution and abundance of the adult populations. Adult populations have specific environmental requirements and occupy habitats with particular constraints. These may be physical characteristics such as tidal gradient, exposure, rugosity, habitat complexity, depth. salinity and temperature gradients.There are also biotic factors. A readily available food supply is fundamental but distribution is also influenced by competition and predation. The need for reproduction and dispersal often favours clustering or at least close proximity of adults to ensure fertilization. Dispersal and recruitment of the larval stage ensures the continuance of the species but the role of the planktonic larval stage in invertebrate population dynamics is not yet fully understood. Differences in recruitment vary both both temporally and spatially but the extent that this effect has on adul t abundance and distribution is still a matter of debate (Jenkins, 2005, Pawlik, 1968, Hughes et al, Grosberg and Levitan. 1992 and others). The influences of post settlement density related processes of predation and competition have to be considered in relation to influences effecting the larval stages of the invertebrate. Reproductive strategies influencing dispersal and recruitment A multi-phase life cycle is a reproductive strategy that can offer several advantages for benthic dwelling invertebrates especially those with sessile adult phases such as barnacles and tunicates or sedentary adult phases, such as mussels and crabs. The evolution of a larval stage allows adults with limited movement to disperse their young into new territories. The ability to disperse is an important adaptations of benthic marine invertebrates. The length of time the larvae spend in the water column can be hours days weeks or months depending on the species. Lecithotropic larvae are provided with a source of nutrition to use during their dispersal, usually in the form of a yolk sac, although some lecithotrophic larva can feed many, such as tunicatesare will not, and have to settle before their food source runs out. As a result, these species have short pelagic larval stages and generally do not disperse long distances.(Pawlik, 1986, Pawlik 1992) Planktotrophic development is the most common type of larval development, especially among benthic invertebrates. Many species have relatively long pelagic larval durations. During this time in the water column larvae feed and grow, and many species move through several stages of development. Barnacles, for example, undergo six moults before becoming a ciprid at which stage the stage they search for an appropriate substrate. to settle on (Molenock and Gomez, 1972). This strategy produces the potential of long distances dispersal and colonization of new territorys it also enables species to move away from any habitat that has become non-viable or overcrowded. Larval dispersal, or advection away from the spawning site may decrease competition between the different life stages as larvae use a different food source from the adults. Moreover, filter-feeding adults such as barnacles, are less likely to imbibe their own offspring and other benthic predators are also avoided. A pelagic larval phase that has a long duration is a strategy that could help some species break there parasite cycles. Settlement and recruitment are the initial processes in determining adult population structures. The term settlement is used to describe the transition from a pelagic to a benthic way of life. This is the process where the larvae descend from the water column and take up a permanent abode on the sea bed. Metamorphic changes allow the larvae to acquire the features suitable for their new benthic life style. The settlement process starts with the onset of behaviour patterns associated with a phase of searching for suitable substratum, In the case of sessile invertebrates, this is succeeded by the initiation of permanent attachment to the substratum. This triggers morphogenic changes which culminate in metamorphosis into the juvenile form. Recruitment is generally a reference to newly settled individuals that have survived to a specified size after their settlement (Keough Downes 1982). Variability in recruitment to adult populations is a significant dynamic in the dispersal and abundance of marine invertebrates. The analysis of mechanisms which control settlement and recruitment and of the conditions under which recruitment variation affects adult distribution and abundance is complex but fundamental to understanding population and community variability. Supply side ecology Supply-side ecology is a term coined by Lewin (1986). This way of looking at population dynamics incorporates the potential role that variable larval input and variable recruitment plays in determining the size of local adult populations, Caley et al. 1996, Hughes 1984, 1990, Hughes et al. 2000, Gaines and Roughgarden 1985, Roughgarden et al. 1985) Larval. supply is influenced both by transport mechanisms and larval behaviours. Variation in settlement potential can impact on the distribution and abundance of adult invertebrate populations. Influence of larval supply (or successful recruitment) on population or community structure and its importance relative to other factors. The abundance of larvae in the water column affects the temporal variability of settlement. Post-settlement mortalities can be potentially replaced by new settlement from a plentiful larva supply where benthic mortality is caused by density independent factors (Karlson and Levitan, 1990). Variability in larval supply can be associated with reproductive cycles of adult individuals (Roughgarden et al 1991). Pelagic larval forms are very susceptible to predation by various other marine animals. Rates of larval mortality can affect larval supply for settlement and recruitment. Mortality levels can be reduced by larval behaviour strategies aimed at predator avoidance . This is particularly significant in estuaries which often serve as nursery areas for fish and as a consequence are generally more abundant in predators (Dibacco et al 2001). Avoidance behaviour takes place on both small and large scales. Some larvae avoid predation at a small scale by sinking down the water column when thr eatened by a predator (Zaret and Suffern, 1976). More commonly a general large scale predator avoidance strategy used by many larvae is that of becoming nocturnally active. This limits fish predation as most fishes need light to find and hunt their prey. During the day the larvae are inactive and in shallow waters they remain hidden. Many invertebrate larvae may avoid predators by leaving the immediate coastal zone and developing in the open sea where their are fewer predators. In the open sea, in common with other planktonic species, invertebrate larvae can significantly reduce their risk of predation through diel vertical migrations (Marta-Almeida M, et al 2006) During the day they sink down to in the water colem were there is less light and fewer predators and come up to shallow waters where they feed at night on food such as micro-algae which are abundant in the photic zone. Variable predation at different depths may affect spatial variation of larvae within the water column. Va rying mortality can be caused by retention in the water column for too long. The highest mortality in marine populations occurs during the larval stages, so mortality plays a significant though largely unquantified role in larval dispersal. Abiotic effects such as wind patterns (Mc Quaid Phillips, 2000) currents and other hydrographic factors (Gaines et al 1985, Pineda, 2007) can directly influence larval distribution and supply. as a means of larval transport Larval behaviours responding to local hydrographic features (Jackson 1986) can indirectly influence supply. Larval behaviours by positioning themselves strategically in the water column can utilise or avoid tidal flows or currents. (Gaines et al. 1985, Forward, R.B. Jr, and R.A. Tankersley 2001) This may be important in returning to find the restrictive habitat requirements needed for adult populations. Larvae are capable of. highly discriminative behaviours ,particularly on small scales where larval behaviour can be an important determinant not just of larval distribution and abundance but their behaviour patterns may also influence the subsequent adult distribution and abundance through local variations in settlement and / or recruitment. Although some larvae can extend their survival for a short time if they do not find a suitable place to settle (Gimenez, 2004), their life span as a larva is finite and survival depends ultimately on successful settlement and recruitment. Delay can influence post metamorphic effects and ultimate success. Larvae that have spent too long in the water column may settle and recruit juveniles that have less chance of survival to adults. In this way the influence of the larval stage has bearing on the subsequent adult population. Successful recruitment involves the selection of and often the attatchment to a suitable substrate and subsequent metamorphoses. There are many dangers at this stage. Larvae of shore dwelling species need to avoid becoming stranded by the tide and becoming desiccated. They must find a settlement site at an appropriate tidal height for the requirements of the adult phase and avoid competition. This is a limiting factor for sessile invertebrates space as the larvae need to find space on the habitat where they can settle as well as avoiding predation from adult filter feeders. Overcoming these problems depends on larval behaviours and responses to chemical cues and physical cues such as geo taxis and/or photo taxis. Different species have different triggers (Morse, 1991, Gebauer et al 2004). The interaction of physical processes and biological reactions to chemical cues. are particularly significant on small spacial scales. These interactions represent active selection of micro-sites an d effect both the settlement processes and the abundance of settlement. Chemical cues can be from conspecific individuals (Crisp and Meadows, 1962, Kingsford et al 2002, Pawlick 1986) microbial films (Rodrigues et al.1992) and prey species. Many herbivorous species are induced to settle by presence of crustose algae on which they feed eg abalone (Morse1990 and limpets (Steneck,1982) Barnacle larvae at settlement are influenced by the speed of water flow, contours of the sub-stratum. and increases in light levels (Crisp, 1976). It is thought that some recruitment may take the form of short and episodic pulses (Levin 2006). Recruitment windows, (Pineda,2007) where settlement events take place simultaneously in large numbers, sometimes over wide areas have been identified for some species such as corals, but mechanisms and interactions at work are not understood fully. In open systems like these, degradation of breeding stocks could result in a reduced recruitment to a wider areas.(Hughes et al 2000). Variation in dispersal and the processes and patterns of demographic connections work together to influence patterns of distribution and abundance. Variation in recruitment can also effect the potential survival of the recruits to form adult populations, as numbers of recruits can potentially effect the extent of subsequent biological inter-actions such as predation.(Fairweather, 1988). In this way post-settlement effects can be influenced both by patterns of settlement and environmental factors. Conclusion Understanding the population dynamics of marine invertebrates requires the consideration of the interplay of all stages of the invertebrate life cycle with its environment not only those affecting the adult forms. Larval abundance, mortality, transport mechanisms and behavior before and during settlement are all significant variables that can effect adult populations. The role that multiphase life cycles and their complex inter-relationship with marine ecosystems play in determining population abundance and distribution is not clear. The larval stage of invertebrates has for many years been a largely unknown quantity, but knowledge about the role of larval behaviors is growing. In order to understand the processes by which larvae are dispersed in the water column and to assess recruitment potential, new chemical methods of identifying larval species with similar morphologies using an environmental sampling processor may make it easier to detect, identify and quantify different larval species in situ in the marine environment (Jones et al 2008) Where different behavioural patterns between species evade or take advantage of the general effects of physical oceanographic conditions such as currents or temperature variations, detection, analyses and quantification may further the understaning of the influence this may have on the complexities of settlement and recruitment and their subsequent effects on population abundances and distribution..

Panthers :: essays research papers

Bobby Seale   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bobby Seale was one of the co-founders of the Black Panther Party. He was born on October 22, 1939 in Dallas Texas. By the time Bobby was ten his family moved to Oakland, California where he would have a rough childhood. Seale’s family was very poor so this only added to his dire childhood. Bobby eventually dropped out of high school and at 18 he was indicted into the Air Force. He was immediately sent to Amarillo, Texas to receive training as an aircraft sheet-metal mechanic. He soon graduated from the Technical School Class of Air Force training with honors. After that, he was moved to Rapid City, South Dakota at Ellsworth Air Force Base. Bobby served here for three and a half years and left with the rank of corporal. After he left the Air Force he enrolled at Merrit College in Oakland where he intended to study engineering. Bobby first became interested in 1962 when he first heard Malcolm-X speak. During his enrollment at the University, he joined the Af ro-American Association (AAA) which was an organization formed by young African-Americans in Oakland to try to confront the problems faced by the black community. This was an organization that tried to confront the problem faced by the black community. Seale got interested very quickly and was inspired by such people as Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. du Bois. Another member of the AAA named Huey Newton had very similar beliefs as Bobby. Soon Bobby became one of the many black activists who broke away from the traditional non-violent protests to â€Å"preach a doctrine of militant black empowerment.† Bobby and Huey became very close friends and in 1966 formed the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense. Bobby Seale is still alive today and is no longer involved in violent protests. He is running his own web site that tells of his adventures and why he did everything he did in his earlier years. Huey Newton   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Huey Percy Newton was the other major co-founder of the Black Panther Party. Huey was born on February 17, 1942, in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was the youngest of Armelia and Walter Newton's seven children. When he was three years old he moved to Oakland, California. Huey and his family fled to the hard core side of Oakland because his father was looking for good work that was out of the Louisiana Bayou.

Internationanl Business Essay

The organization that I have chosen is Sony Corporation. Sony Corporation is one of the most successful multinational Corporations in the world; it is also one of the best-known names in consumer electronics industry. Since it was established shortly after World War 2, Sony has introduced a stream of revolutionary products, including the transistor radio, the Trinitron television, the Betamax VCR, and the Walkman portable cassette player (FundingUniverse, 2000). Over the years Sony has successfully developed into one of the biggest player in the consumer electronics industry, producing a wide range of products including Audio system, Video cameras, Television, gaming system, Semiconductors and also electronic Components. Valued at $17.12 Billion in the market (Forbes, 2011), Sony Corporation is a great example of successful Multinational Corporation that has competitive advantage in the global market place. Daniel Spulber’s Star Analysis is an analytical framework that helps strategy makers in gathering and processing data about global market (D.F.Spulbur, 2007). By identifying the culture, feature and structure of the business environment in different country, Spulber’s Star Analysis can assist the manager in developing a global strategy that provide their organization with the competitive advantage to succeed in the international market. Star Analysis is based around five major components, which is the features of the company’s home country, supplier countries, customers countries, partner countries and competitor countries. In this case, Star analysis will be used to evaluate the competitive strategy of Sony Corporation and how Sony Corporation improved their global competitiveness. Home Country A company’s home country refers to the country where the business has its headquarters (D.F.Spulber, 2007). In this case, the home country for Sony Corporation is Japan. D.F.Spulber (2007) stated the features of home country are often a good guide to the company’s business practices, corporate culture, and core competencies. D.F.Spulber (2007) also stated that a company can benefit from home-country strengths by using the home country as a launching pad for international expansion, and this is the case for Sony Corporation. Benefiting from the culture and features of Japan, Sony Corporation has developed a strong foundation for their international expansion. This can be justified using the Porter’s diamond theory. M. Porter states that basic factors of endowment, such as natural resources, climate, location and demographics, can provide an initial advantage that is subsequently reinforced and extended by investment in advanced factors, examples of advanced factor s are communication infrastructure, sophisticated and skilled labor, research facilities and technological know-how. Conversely, disadvantages in basic factors can create pressure to invest in advanced factors (Charles.W.L.Hills, 2010). That is the case in Japan, where they lack arable land and mineral deposit, and yet through investment from government and organizations has built a substantial endowment of advanced factors. Japan government’s subsidies and investment in education system, has created large pool of engineers, which is vital to Japan’s success in many manufacturing industries (Charles.W.L.Hills, 2010). This environment provides Sony Corporation with sufficient workforce and skilled labor. Japanese’s constant investment on Research & Development has developed the technological know-how of the country. This practice can also be seen in Sony Corporation’s strategy, which spent approximately 6.99% of their revenue, which is $5.5 billion on R&D annually and the percentage of employees engaged in R&D is 32.49% (TechnologyReview, 2012). This gives Sony Corporation the competitive advantage in the global technological market. Another attribute in Porter’s Diamond is demand condition; In this case, the pressure from Japan’s sophisticated and knowledgeable buyers of cameras has helped stimulate the Japanese camera industry, including Sony Corporation, to improve product quality and to introduce innovative models (Charles.W.L.Hills, 2010). This constant demand for innovative and high quality product has forced Sony Corporation to invest in R&D and hence, improved the performance of the company and therefore, gained competitive advantage in the global market. The next attribute is the presence of suppliers or related industries that are internationally competitive. In this case, most of the suppliers of Sony Corporation, for example, Dai Nippon Printing Co, Ltd are one of the top smart card vendors in Asia (Sony.Net, 2011) .Successful electronic IT manufacturers including Hitachi Ltd., Fujitsu Ltd. and NEC Corp has contributed to the semiconductor industry in Japan, which provided the basis for Sony Corporation’s success in cameras and other technically advanced electronic products (DailyYomiuriOnline, 2012) The last attribute of Portal’s Diamond is the strategy, structure and rivalry of firms within a nation (Charles.W.L.Hills, 2010). ). In this case, there are many successful Multinational Corporation in Japan’s technological manufacturing field, such as Toyota, has come out with management philosophies like Total Quality Management, Just-in Time Philosophy and so on ( James et al, 2009). By practicing the same Sony Corporation has benefited from these practices and be more cost effective(Richard A.Gershon, 2007). Major domestic competitors such as Panasonic Corporation also induce Sony Corporation to look for ways to improve efficiency and produce more innovative products. All t hese factors have improved Sony Corporation’s overall global competitiveness. Supplier Country Supplier countries refer to those countries in which the international business transacts with its input suppliers and countries in which the international business manufactures its products (Daniel.F.Spulber, 2007). In this case, Sony Corporation previously had more than 2,500 suppliers around the globe; however after incurring heavy lost in year 2009, Sony Corporation has decided to cut down the number of suppliers (CRN, 2009). To achieve global competitiveness advantage, Sony Corporation’s strategy is to outsource, or externalize part of their value chain activities to different supplier countries, and internalize their core competence, which in this case is their innovative design and technology of their product. Their current major suppliers are companies from China and USA, for example Shenzhen LVSUN Electronics Co., Ltd, which supplied laptop batteries and Nvidia Corporation, which supplied Laptop’s graphic cards (Sony.Net, 2010). China are well-known for their l ow wage labor force so the cost of production for Sony will be much lower compare to their global competitors. USA is a technology-advanced country and by buying new technologies from firms in USA, Sony Corporation’s products are much more advance and better in quality, which in turn increased their global competitiveness. The company is vertically integrated in their supplier’s countries. Sony Corporation established production facilities such as manufacturing plants in Japan, China, USA, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand (Sony Supply Chain Solution. Inc, 2011). Country like USA and Singapore has low trade-barriers and their government policies encouraged Foreign Direct investment, which smoothen Sony’s plan to establish manufacturing plant in their land. Conversely, China and Malaysia has higher trade barriers and strict government policies that might increase the risk of recovering the cost of investment. This strategy has both positive and negative effects on Sony Corporation. By establishing their own manufacturing plants in suppliers countries, Sony are able to protect their proprietary product technology from their competitors, this view is supported by Charles.W.L.Hills (pg 558, 2010). Besides that, majority of Sony’s manufacturing plant are located in technologically advanced countries such as Japan and USA. Therefore with the advanced infrastructure and skilled labor, Sony’s production are more cost-savings and efficient. However, on the other hand, managing and operating plants and firms in different countries has increased Sony’s organization scope, which in turn will increase the organizational complexity and hence raise the firm’s cost structure, this cost is known as cost of hierarchical governance. This view is support by Charles W.L.Hills (pg 559, 2010). In fact, the high cost of governance in different country has been such a burden to Sony that the top management has decided to shutter some of the factories and manufacturing plants, in order to reduce overall cost (CRN, 2009). Furthermore, to overcome this issue, Sony has decided to outsource part of their production to companies in China and USA. Examples are Foxconn Technology Group for the manufacturing of Sony LCD TV and Blackboard Inc for the manufacturing of Sony’s FeliCa Card readers (Sony.Net, 2011). By outsourcing part of the manufacturing,, Sony was able to take advantage of less costly workforce in China and more efficient production facilities in USA. As a result, Sony has been able to avoid bureaucratic inefficiencies and reduce their cost of operation that arise from vertically integrate, and the resulting increased in global competitiveness. This view is supported by Charles.W.L.Hills (pg 559, 2010). Customer Countries In this case, Sony Corporation’s major customers, or target market are the home country itself, Japan, USA and Europe countries. The Japan market is accounted for 24.2% of Sony Corporation’s revenue while USA market is accounted for 23.6%, Europe market for 25.7% and others minor customer countries for 26.5% (Sony.Net,2010). Evaluating the Entry mode of Sony Corporation, the company has initially chosen wholly owned subsidiaries as their strategy to enter the U.S market. More specifically, Sony Corporation practices Greenfield ventures, by establishing manufacturing plants and retails stores in U.S. Sony Corporation first move was the establishment of a small television assembly plant in San Diego, California back in 1972. Sony then expanded and diversified its U.S operation by adding more production facilities in different region of U.S (Sony.com, 2011). In 1960, Sony Corporation of America (SONAM) was established in the United States to manage operation in U.S (Sony.com, 2011).Sony Corporation’s initial entry to U.S. market was facilitated by the unfavorable exchange rate between yen and dollars at that particular period of time, and also the U.S government policies that encouraged foreign investment (SonyNet-history, 2011). Similar scenario happened in Europe, where Sony Corporation initially enter the Europe market by Greenfield ventures, establishing operating firms such as Sony (U.K.) Ltd in United Kingdom, Sony G.m.b.H.in Germany and so on. This strategy proved to be beneficial because this entry mode allowed Sony to protect their technological competence and gives Sony the ability to engage in global strategic coordination. However, the drawback is that this method of entry can be very costly. This view is supported by Charles.W.L.Hills (pg 482, 2010) After establishing firms and production facilities in foreign market, Sony Corporation further strengthen their position by joint ventures with Tektronic Inc from U.S and Ericsson in Sweden, which later on has been wholly acquired by Sony (Sony.com, 2011). Besides that, Sony Corporation has also established strong distribution network, by having retail stores and distributors throughout the U.S and Europe region. Through the establishment of operating firms in foreign market and joint ventures with local companies, Sony Corporation has managed to get closer and understand the demand and preference of consumers in the U.S and Europe market. Consumers in the USA and EU are generally technologically savvy and have always been demanding innovative technological products; The income per capita for US is 47199 US dollars and research shows that the highest technology expenditure for households in US is at around $94 per month ( Huffingpost.com, 2011). They are certainly willing to spend more on technologically products (Accenture, 2010). By understanding these preferences and demand of consumers in USA and Europe, Sony Corporation is able to design and produce innovative products that satisfied consumers, hence achieving the global competitive advantage. Partner Countries According to Daniel.F.Spulber (2007), the features of partner countries are highly useful in determining the potential contribution that the business and its partner will bring to the joint activities. One of Sony Corporation’s most beneficial and strategic alliances is their partnership with Korea’s Samsung. Sony and Samsung shared complementary technology that would benefit each other. Sony was able to utilize Samsung’s knowledge and technology to make LCD, which is critical for the large flat –panel TVs that were in high demand. Samsung’s skills were complementary to Sony’s since they were tuned to computer displays while Sony brought TV display knowledge (Daniel F.Spulber, 2007). According to Charles W.L.Hill (2010), one of the benefits of strategic alliance is the share of cost and risk. This is certainly the case for the Sony-Samsung joint venture. The Sony-Samsung Joint venture set up a manufacturing facility in Tangjung, South Korea ( Daniel F.Spulber, 2007). The joint venture helped Sony and Samsung save significant cost in R&D and manufacturing and helped the companies gain substantial economies of scale in manufacturing (Daniel F.Spulber, 2007). By sharing ideas between both companies, product innovation is enhanced, allowing Sony to boost its global sales of flat-panel TVs (Daniel F.Spulber, 2007). In order to keep up with advances in digital technologies that was driving innovations in the global market, Sony and Samsung agreed to share patents for a variety of technologies-13,000 patents from Sony and 11,000 patents from Samsung (Daniel F.Spulber, 2007). Another successful alliance for Sony Corporation is the research joint venture between IBM and Toshiba. This particular joint venture had developed the Cell chip that powered the Sony PlayStation 3 (SonyNet, 2011). The companies split the high development costs and employed engineers around the world. Besides that, Sony Corporation’s joint venture with Ericsson from Sweden allowed Sony to enter the mobile communication industry in Europe, which later expanded to Asia with the name of Sony Ericsson. Sony’s successful alliance with global companies like Samsung, IBM and Ericsson has allowed Sony to produce and design innovative products with high quality. Besides that, joint venture with Ericsson allowed Sony to understand Europe’s market condition better which smoothen their entry to Europe market and all these have helped Sony to achieve global competitive advantage. Competitor Countries One of Sony Corporation’s major competitors is LG Electronics. LG Electronics is a Korean-based company that sells electronic products such as televisions, mobile phone, Air conditioners, Home appliances and a lot more. The features of LG Electronics’s Home Country, South Korea, has played an important role in the company’s business culture and global strategy. South Korea’s government has set their goal to open new opportunities for the electronics industry and this has given LG Electronics an extra boost for expanding their market internationally (Frost-Sullivan, 2007), which is a treat to Sony Corporation in the global market. However, Korean’s culture of high uncertainty avoidance might be the reason they are less innovative, since LG Electronic employed their staffs from Korea, their products might not be as innovative as Japanese companies like Sony. As for LG Electronics supplier countries, their major suppliers are Hong Kong HuiChun Co.Ltd a nd Veise Electronic Co.Ltd from China mainland. Utilizing the labor of lower wages in China, the cost of production for LG electronics might be lower than other companies in the industry, which is a treat to Sony as well (GlobalSources, 2012). As for LG Electronics partner countries, LG Electronics has established strong alliance with multinational companies like Intel, Microsoft and Mozilla has given them the technological advantage to compete in the global market. These alliances have helped LG Electronics to overcome their lack of technological innovation in their home country. In order to compete with LG Electronics in the global market, Sony Corporation has initially practices the international strategy. According to Charles W.L.Hill, an enterprise pursuing an international strategy is confronted with low cost pressures and low pressures for local responsiveness. These type of enterprise tend to centralize product development at home but tend to establish manufacturing and marketing function in each major country or geographi c region in which they do business (Charles W.L.Hill, 2010). This is initially the case for Sony Corporation, who started their entry to foreign market in such pattern. By centralizing R&D in Japan, Sony entered foreign market by establishing manufacturing plant and operating firms in USA, Europe and other Asia countries. However, as the cost pressure and pressure for local responsiveness increases, Sony Corporation has change to transnational strategy. According to Charles W.L.Hill (2010), a firm that pursue a transnational strategy is trying to simultaneously achieve low costs through location economies, economies of scale, and learning effects; differentiate their product offering across geographic markets to account for local differences; and foster a multidirectional flow of skills between different subsidiaries in the firm’s global network of operations. By partnering with strong suppliers in China and USA, economics of scale can be achieved. Besides that, multidirectional flow of technological skills and knowledge from different subsidiaries, such as Sony Ericsson in Sweden, and the Samsung-Sony joint venture in South Korea and so on is also happening constantly. However, such strategy is so difficult to implement that Sony Corporation has faced some negative impact, having too high cost due to differentiation of product in different market. Conclusion As a conclusion, by applying the Spulber’s Star Analysis, Sony Corporation was able to achieve global competitive advantage in the global market. By using their strong foundation in Japan, where they receive not only support from government but also the culture, knowledge and infrastructure, Sony successfully expanded their business worldwide. Economics of scale has been achieved with the help of strong suppliers from mainland China and USA. Sony was able to enter their customer’s countries easily with joint ventures with local firms and Greenfield ventures. Using the information gathered they managed to understand the demand and consumer preferences of each market. Sony further strengthens their positions in the global market with help from their strong alliances such as IBM, Ericsson, and Samsung and so on. Evaluating the function of Star Analysis, such analysis is fairly useful for international managers to plan their strategy. By studying the features of the home, suppliers, customers, partners and competitors countries, the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of a organization can be found and this information can be use to help the organization achieve global competitive advantage. For example, the SWOT of Sony has been identified after applying the Star Analysis. Therefore, international managers should practice Star Analysis before implementing their global strategy. Reference Charles W.L.Hill (2010). International Business, Competing in the global marketplace. 8th ed. 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